[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":803},["ShallowReactive",2],{"en-historia-da-programacao-category-articles":3},[4,482],{"id":5,"title":6,"articleCover":7,"articleCoverEmbed":8,"articleCoverEmbedUploadDate":9,"articleCoverHeight":10,"articleCoverWidth":11,"authorId":12,"body":13,"categoriesIds":466,"description":469,"enAlternateSlug":470,"extension":471,"meta":472,"navigation":473,"path":474,"ptBrAlternateSlug":475,"publishedAt":476,"seo":477,"sitemap":478,"stem":479,"updatedAt":476,"wordCount":480,"__hash__":481},"blogEn\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fwhy-is-javascript-called-javascript.md","Why Is JavaScript Called JavaScript? The Story Behind the Name","\u002Fimages\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fhistoria-da-programacao\u002Fwhy-is-javascript-called-javascript.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fembed\u002FU1balPnfm_8","2026-11-05T12:45:30-03:00",720,1280,"thiago-nunes-batista",{"type":14,"value":15,"toc":453},"minimark",[16,20,23,28,40,49,53,67,70,83,86,116,128,132,139,146,150,161,215,226,250,253,257,264,277,280,284,293,308,311,339,351,355,358,367,371,449],[17,18,19],"p",{},"JavaScript is not Java, it is not a version of Java, and it was not made by the company behind Java. Still, almost every beginner trips over the same question: if the two languages are unrelated, why are the names so close?",[17,21,22],{},"The answer involves a fight between browsers, a prototype written in a rush in 1995, and a trademark that is still caught up in a legal case more than 30 years later. If you'd rather watch, the video above tells this story in four minutes. It's in Portuguese, with captions. This article goes deeper, with dates, comparisons and sources.",[24,25,27],"h2",{"id":26},"why-did-netscape-need-a-language-for-the-browser","Why did Netscape need a language for the browser?",[17,29,30,31,39],{},"In 1995, Netscape Navigator was the most used browser on the internet, and Microsoft was arriving with Internet Explorer. This period is known as the ",[32,33,38],"a",{"href":34,"rel":35,"target":37},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FBrowser_wars",[36],"nofollow","_blank","browser wars",". To stay ahead, Netscape wanted pages that reacted to what people did instead of just showing text and images.",[17,41,42,43,48],{},"That called for a scripting language: a simple language for small programs that run inside the page itself. Netscape hired ",[32,44,47],{"href":45,"rel":46,"target":37},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJavaScript#History",[36],"Brendan Eich"," to embed Scheme, a language with academic roots, in the browser. Then management changed the request: the new language had to look like Java, which was everywhere at the time. And the deadline was extremely short.",[24,50,52],{"id":51},"how-long-did-brendan-eich-take-to-create-javascript","How long did Brendan Eich take to create JavaScript?",[17,54,55,56,61,62,66],{},"The first version took about ",[32,57,60],{"href":58,"rel":59,"target":37},"https:\u002F\u002Fbuttondown.com\u002Fhillelwayne\u002Farchive\u002Fdid-brendan-eich-really-make-javascript-in-10-days\u002F",[36],"10 days",", in May 1995. The prototype was called ",[63,64,65],"strong",{},"Mocha"," and was meant to be an internal demo only.",[17,68,69],{},"One caveat matters here. The 10 days apply to the prototype, not to the language as we know it. It kept being reshaped over the following months and kept evolving for decades. Still, the rush of those first days explains several oddities that survive today.",[24,71,73,74,78,79,82],{"id":72},"why-does-typeof-null-return-object","Why does ",[75,76,77],"code",{},"typeof null"," return ",[75,80,81],{},"\"object\"","?",[17,84,85],{},"The most famous example of those leftovers is in any browser console:",[87,88,93],"pre",{"className":89,"code":90,"language":91,"meta":92,"style":92},"language-js shiki shiki-themes dracula","typeof null; \u002F\u002F \"object\"\n","js","",[75,94,95],{"__ignoreMap":92},[96,97,100,104,108,112],"span",{"class":98,"line":99},"line",1,[96,101,103],{"class":102},"s0Tla","typeof",[96,105,107],{"class":106},"sIQBb"," null",[96,109,111],{"class":110},"sCdxs","; ",[96,113,115],{"class":114},"shSDL","\u002F\u002F \"object\"\n",[17,117,118,121,122,127],{},[75,119,120],{},"null"," is not an object. That result is a ",[32,123,126],{"href":124,"rel":125,"target":37},"https:\u002F\u002Falexanderell.is\u002Fposts\u002Ftypeof-null\u002F",[36],"bug from the first implementation",", tied to the type tag the language used to identify objects. It was never fixed because fixing it now would break existing code that relies on it. A fix was proposed and rejected for exactly that reason.",[24,129,131],{"id":130},"from-mocha-to-livescript-to-javascript-how-the-name-changed-twice","From Mocha to LiveScript to JavaScript: how the name changed twice",[17,133,134,135,138],{},"In September 1995, the language shipped in a beta of Navigator 2.0 under a different name, ",[63,136,137],{},"LiveScript",". At that moment Sun Microsystems' Java was the most talked-about language in the world, and Netscape had just struck a partnership with Sun.",[17,140,141,142,145],{},"In December 1995, the two companies announced together that LiveScript would be renamed ",[63,143,144],{},"JavaScript",". Brendan Eich himself described the change as a marketing move by Netscape to ride Java's fame. It worked, and the name stuck. It also created a confusion that lasts to this day.",[24,147,149],{"id":148},"are-java-and-javascript-the-same-thing","Are Java and JavaScript the same thing?",[17,151,152,153,156,157,160],{},"No. Looking at the code, the two look like cousins: curly braces, semicolons, ",[75,154,155],{},"if"," and ",[75,158,159],{},"for",". Under the hood they are very different.",[162,163,164,178],"table",{},[165,166,167],"thead",{},[168,169,170,173,176],"tr",{},[171,172],"th",{},[171,174,175],{},"Java",[171,177,144],{},[179,180,181,193,204],"tbody",{},[168,182,183,187,190],{},[184,185,186],"td",{},"Execution",[184,188,189],{},"Compiled, runs on a virtual machine (the JVM)",[184,191,192],{},"Born to run inside the browser",[168,194,195,198,201],{},[184,196,197],{},"Types",[184,199,200],{},"You declare the type of each variable",[184,202,203],{},"The type is decided on the fly, at runtime",[168,205,206,209,212],{},[184,207,208],{},"Inheritance",[184,210,211],{},"Class-based",[184,213,214],{},"Prototype-based",[87,216,220],{"className":217,"code":218,"language":219,"meta":92,"style":92},"language-java shiki shiki-themes dracula","int age = 30; \u002F\u002F Java: the type is required\n","java",[75,221,222],{"__ignoreMap":92},[96,223,224],{"class":98,"line":99},[96,225,218],{},[87,227,229],{"className":89,"code":228,"language":91,"meta":92,"style":92},"let age = 30; \u002F\u002F JavaScript: the type comes from the value\n",[75,230,231],{"__ignoreMap":92},[96,232,233,236,239,242,245,247],{"class":98,"line":99},[96,234,235],{"class":102},"let",[96,237,238],{"class":110}," age ",[96,240,241],{"class":102},"=",[96,243,244],{"class":106}," 30",[96,246,111],{"class":110},[96,248,249],{"class":114},"\u002F\u002F JavaScript: the type comes from the value\n",[17,251,252],{},"The relationship is the same as between \"ham\" and \"hamster\": the words start the same and the resemblance ends there. The similar name became a problem for Netscape's competitors, and that pushed Microsoft into its next move.",[24,254,256],{"id":255},"what-are-jscript-and-ecmascript","What are JScript and ECMAScript?",[17,258,259,260,263],{},"When Microsoft wanted the same language in Internet Explorer, it could not use the name JavaScript, because the trademark belonged to Sun. In 1996 it shipped its own version in Internet Explorer 3, called ",[63,261,262],{},"JScript",", with differences from Netscape's. Two different versions of the same language were a recipe for broken websites.",[17,265,266,267,270,271,276],{},"To fix that, Netscape took the language to Ecma, a standards organization, in November 1996. The first edition of the standard, ECMA-262, came out in June 1997 under a name nobody liked: ",[63,268,269],{},"ECMAScript",". The name was a political compromise between the companies involved. Brendan Eich once said, ",[32,272,275],{"href":273,"rel":274,"target":37},"https:\u002F\u002Fbugzilla.mozilla.org\u002Fshow_bug.cgi?id=44841",[36],"in a Mozilla Bugzilla comment",", that it sounded like a skin disease.",[17,278,279],{},"That is where the \"ES\" in ES6 comes from: ES6 is ECMAScript 2015, published in June 2015. Since then the standard has had one edition per year. The standard solved the technical confusion, but not the trademark question.",[24,281,283],{"id":282},"who-owns-the-name-javascript-today","Who owns the name JavaScript today?",[17,285,286,287,292],{},"The \"JavaScript\" trademark was registered by Sun. When Oracle ",[32,288,291],{"href":289,"rel":290,"target":37},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FSun_acquisition_by_Oracle",[36],"bought Sun",", in January 2010, it inherited the registration. Oracle does not sell any product called JavaScript.",[17,294,295,296,301,302,307],{},"In September 2024, an ",[32,297,300],{"href":298,"rel":299,"target":37},"https:\u002F\u002Fdeno.com\u002Fblog\u002Fjavascript-tm-gofundme",[36],"open letter"," led by Ryan Dahl, creator of Node.js and Deno, asked Oracle to release the name. It passed 14,000 signatures, including Brendan Eich's. Oracle refused, and in November 2024 Deno ",[32,303,306],{"href":304,"rel":305,"target":37},"https:\u002F\u002Fdeno.com\u002Fblog\u002Fdeno-v-oracle3",[36],"asked the USPTO",", the US trademark office, to cancel the registration.",[17,309,310],{},"Here is how the case has moved:",[312,313,314,324,333,336],"ul",{},[315,316,317,318,323],"li",{},"In June 2025, the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) ",[32,319,322],{"href":320,"rel":321,"target":37},"https:\u002F\u002Fdeno.com\u002Fblog\u002Fdeno-v-oracle4",[36],"dismissed Deno's fraud claim",". The arguments that the name is generic and that the mark was abandoned remained.",[315,325,326,327,332],{},"In August 2025, Oracle ",[32,328,331],{"href":329,"rel":330,"target":37},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.infoworld.com\u002Farticle\u002F3818005\u002Foracle-maintains-hold-on-javascript-trademark.html",[36],"filed its answer",", denying those arguments.",[315,334,335],{},"Throughout 2026, the parties kept requesting deadline extensions.",[315,337,338],{},"On August 28, 2026, the case was suspended at Oracle's request, with Deno's consent, while the two sides negotiate a settlement.",[17,340,341,344,345,350],{},[63,342,343],{},"Status checked on November 5, 2026:"," in the ",[32,346,349],{"href":347,"rel":348,"target":37},"https:\u002F\u002Fttabvue.uspto.gov\u002Fttabvue\u002Fv?pno=92086835&pty=CAN",[36],"public TTAB record"," (proceeding 92086835), the case is still suspended pending settlement negotiations, with no final decision. This text will go out of date if that changes, so check the link in the sources.",[24,352,354],{"id":353},"in-short","In short",[17,356,357],{},"JavaScript is called JavaScript because of marketing. In December 1995, Netscape renamed LiveScript to ride the success of Java, in a partnership with Sun. The languages are different under the hood, and the borrowed name was never given back: today the trademark belongs to Oracle, which inherited it from Sun, and the future of the name sits in a case suspended for settlement talks.",[17,359,360,361,366],{},"This article is part of the series \"O nome por trás do código\" (The Name Behind the Code), on the YouTube channel. You can find it ",[32,362,365],{"href":363,"rel":364},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.youtube.com\u002Fplaylist?list=PLUhXtxqxMwPw",[36],"on the playlist",".",[24,368,370],{"id":369},"sources","Sources",[312,372,373,380,387,394,401,408,414,421,428,435,442],{},[315,374,375,379],{},[32,376,144],{"href":377,"rel":378,"target":37},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FJavaScript",[36]," (Wikipedia, History section)",[315,381,382,386],{},[32,383,385],{"href":34,"rel":384,"target":37},[36],"Browser wars"," (Wikipedia)",[315,388,389,393],{},[32,390,392],{"href":58,"rel":391,"target":37},[36],"Did Brendan Eich really make JavaScript in 10 days?"," (Hillel Wayne)",[315,395,396,400],{},[32,397,399],{"href":124,"rel":398,"target":37},[36],"typeof null: investigating a classic JavaScript bug"," (alexanderell.is)",[315,402,403,407],{},[32,404,406],{"href":273,"rel":405,"target":37},[36],"Brendan Eich's comment on the ECMAScript name"," (Mozilla Bugzilla, 2006)",[315,409,410,386],{},[32,411,413],{"href":289,"rel":412,"target":37},[36],"Sun acquisition by Oracle",[315,415,416,420],{},[32,417,419],{"href":298,"rel":418,"target":37},[36],"Help us raise $200k to free the JavaScript trademark"," (Deno, 2024)",[315,422,423,427],{},[32,424,426],{"href":304,"rel":425,"target":37},[36],"Deno v Oracle Update 3"," (Deno, 2025)",[315,429,430,434],{},[32,431,433],{"href":320,"rel":432,"target":37},[36],"JavaScript Trademark Update"," (Deno, June 2025)",[315,436,437,441],{},[32,438,440],{"href":329,"rel":439,"target":37},[36],"Oracle maintains hold on JavaScript trademark"," (InfoWorld, 2025)",[315,443,444,448],{},[32,445,447],{"href":347,"rel":446,"target":37},[36],"Cancellation 92086835, Deno Land Inc. v. Oracle America, Inc."," (TTABVUE, USPTO), accessed November 5, 2026",[450,451,452],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .s0Tla, html code.shiki .s0Tla{--shiki-default:#FF79C6}html pre.shiki code .sIQBb, html code.shiki .sIQBb{--shiki-default:#BD93F9}html pre.shiki code .sCdxs, html code.shiki .sCdxs{--shiki-default:#F8F8F2}html pre.shiki code .shSDL, html code.shiki .shSDL{--shiki-default:#6272A4}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}",{"title":92,"searchDepth":454,"depth":454,"links":455},2,[456,457,458,460,461,462,463,464,465],{"id":26,"depth":454,"text":27},{"id":51,"depth":454,"text":52},{"id":72,"depth":454,"text":459},"Why does typeof null return \"object\"?",{"id":130,"depth":454,"text":131},{"id":148,"depth":454,"text":149},{"id":255,"depth":454,"text":256},{"id":282,"depth":454,"text":283},{"id":353,"depth":454,"text":354},{"id":369,"depth":454,"text":370},[467,468],"historia-da-programacao","javascript","JavaScript has nothing to do with Java. See how the browser wars, 10 days of rush and a 1995 deal with Sun gave the language its name, and who owns it today.","why-is-javascript-called-javascript","md",{},true,"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fwhy-is-javascript-called-javascript","por-que-javascript-se-chama-javascript","2026-11-05",{"title":6,"description":469},{"loc":474,"lastmod":476},"en\u002Fblog\u002Fwhy-is-javascript-called-javascript",1248,"wJ4xDRQaewog286B81R8ZU_xl4j0_42sVy4JkOLyfQQ",{"id":483,"title":484,"articleCover":485,"articleCoverEmbed":486,"articleCoverEmbedUploadDate":486,"articleCoverHeight":10,"articleCoverWidth":11,"authorId":12,"body":487,"categoriesIds":792,"description":793,"enAlternateSlug":794,"extension":471,"meta":795,"navigation":473,"path":796,"ptBrAlternateSlug":797,"publishedAt":476,"seo":798,"sitemap":799,"stem":800,"updatedAt":476,"wordCount":801,"__hash__":802},"blogEn\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fwhy-is-linux-called-linux.md","Why Is Linux Called Linux? The Story of Freax, Unix and GNU","\u002Fimages\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fhistoria-da-programacao\u002Fwhy-is-linux-called-linux.webp",null,{"type":14,"value":488,"toc":780},[489,492,495,499,512,515,519,532,539,543,559,562,566,573,586,593,604,613,617,630,633,637,650,654,657,666,669,673,682,684,690,698,700,777],[17,490,491],{},"Linux runs your Android phone, sits behind most websites and powers the fastest supercomputers in the world. Yet its creator didn't want that name. Linus Torvalds thought \"Linux\" was too self-centered and picked another one: Freax.",[17,493,494],{},"So how did the name Linux end up on the project? The answer involves a 1960s operating system, an annoyed professor, a volunteer who created a folder on a server in Finland and a trademark fight.",[24,496,498],{"id":497},"where-does-the-x-in-linux-come-from","Where does the \"x\" in Linux come from?",[17,500,501,502,505,506,511],{},"The \"x\" comes from ",[63,503,504],{},"Unix",", an operating system created in 1969 at Bell Labs (AT&T) by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and colleagues, according to the ",[32,507,510],{"href":508,"rel":509},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHistory_of_Unix",[36],"history of Unix",". An operating system is the program that makes a computer work, like Windows. The name Unix, originally \"Unics\", was a pun on Multics, a large and complicated system Bell Labs had walked away from.",[17,513,514],{},"Unix was a hit, but AT&T licensed the code, the licenses got expensive and nobody could freely redistribute it. In the video I compare it to a rented car: expensive, with the hood locked. The \"x\" became a kind of family name for systems inspired by it, such as Minix and Linux.",[24,516,518],{"id":517},"what-is-gnu-and-why-didnt-it-have-a-kernel","What is GNU and why didn't it have a kernel?",[17,520,521,522,531],{},"On September 27, 1983, Richard Stallman ",[32,523,526,527,530],{"href":524,"rel":525},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gnu.org\u002Fgnu\u002Finitial-announcement.html",[36],"announced the ",[63,528,529],{},"GNU"," project",", aiming to build a free system that anyone could open, study and modify. The name is a joke: GNU stands for \"GNU's Not Unix\", an acronym that contains itself.",[17,533,534,535,538],{},"By 1991 GNU had almost everything a complete system needs: the GCC compiler (1987), which turns code into programs, the Emacs editor and the Bash shell (1989). What it lacked was a ",[63,536,537],{},"kernel",", the core that talks to the computer's parts (memory, disk, keyboard). GNU's kernel, Hurd, wasn't ready. In the car metaphor, GNU had built nearly the whole car, but the engine was missing.",[24,540,542],{"id":541},"who-created-linux-and-why","Who created Linux and why?",[17,544,545,546,553,554,558],{},"The engine came from an unexpected place. In January 1991, Linus Torvalds, a 21-year-old student at the University of Helsinki, bought a PC with a 386 processor. He ran ",[32,547,550],{"href":548,"rel":549},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMinix",[36],[63,551,552],{},"Minix",", a system professor Andrew Tanenbaum ",[32,555,557],{"href":548,"rel":556},[36],"had created in 1987"," for teaching, whose license restricted redistribution.",[17,560,561],{},"Frustrated by those limits, Linus started writing his own kernel just for fun. On August 25, 1991, he told the comp.os.minix newsgroup that he was making a free operating system, and that it was just a hobby, not going to be big and professional like GNU. One thing was missing before he could publish the code: a name.",[24,563,565],{"id":564},"why-was-linux-almost-called-freax","Why was Linux almost called Freax?",[17,567,568,569,572],{},"The name Linus wanted was ",[63,570,571],{},"Freax",", a mix of \"free\", \"freak\" and the \"x\" from Unix. He had thought about \"Linux\", but found it too presumptuous, since it carried his own first name.",[17,574,575,576,581,582,585],{},"In September 1991 he uploaded the code to ftp.funet.fi (the ",[32,577,580],{"href":578,"rel":579},"https:\u002F\u002Flinuxiac.com\u002Flinux-birthday\u002F",[36],"story is on Linuxiac","), the server where Finnish universities kept programs for download. Ari Lemmke, one of the server's volunteer administrators, didn't like \"Freax\" and created the folder under a different name: ",[75,583,584],{},"linux",". Version 0.01 was published there on September 17, 1991. Linus didn't fight it, and the name stuck.",[17,587,588,589,592],{},"Freax didn't vanish completely. It survives in a comment in the kernel's ",[75,590,591],{},"Makefile"," from that first version:",[87,594,598],{"className":595,"code":596,"language":597,"meta":92,"style":92},"language-makefile shiki shiki-themes dracula","# Makefile for the FREAX-kernel.\n","makefile",[75,599,600],{"__ignoreMap":92},[96,601,602],{"class":98,"line":99},[96,603,596],{},[17,605,606,607,612],{},"I checked that line on November 5, 2026, against a copy of version 0.01. Linus also ",[32,608,611],{"href":609,"rel":610},"https:\u002F\u002Fcommons.wikimedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FFile:Linus-linux.ogg",[36],"recorded an audio clip"," explaining how he pronounces the name (roughly \"LIN-ux\", with a short \"i\"), which circulated with the code.",[24,614,616],{"id":615},"what-was-the-tanenbaumtorvalds-debate","What was the Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate?",[17,618,619,620,625,626,629],{},"The first public fight came along with the name (the ",[32,621,624],{"href":622,"rel":623},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FTanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate",[36],"Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate","). In January 1992, the professor who created Minix posted a message titled \"LINUX is obsolete\". His technical argument was that a modern kernel should be a ",[63,627,628],{},"microkernel",", an engine made of separate parts, while Linux's was monolithic, a single block. Tanenbaum even joked that Linus wouldn't get a high grade if he were his student.",[17,631,632],{},"While that argument went on, Linux changed license. Starting with version 0.12, in 1992, it adopted the GPL, the GNU license that lets anyone use, change and share the code. Before that, its own license forbade commercial use. With the GPL, Linus's kernel fit into the GNU system, and the car finally ran.",[24,634,636],{"id":635},"linux-or-gnulinux","Linux or GNU\u002FLinux?",[17,638,639,640,645,646,649],{},"Because the system people actually use is the kernel plus the GNU tools, the Free Software Foundation and Richard Stallman ",[32,641,644],{"href":642,"rel":643},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gnu.org\u002Fgnu\u002Fgnu-linux-faq.html",[36],"still ask"," that the complete system be called ",[63,647,648],{},"GNU\u002FLinux",". Most people just say Linux, which strictly names the kernel. Both forms show up in books and distributions.",[24,651,653],{"id":652},"who-owns-the-linux-trademark","Who owns the Linux trademark?",[17,655,656],{},"The most dangerous fight over the name came from outside. In 1995, an American named William R. Della Croce Jr. registered \"Linux\" as a trademark in the United States without having written a line of the code, and began demanding 10% royalties from people selling Linux on CDs. The community and several companies went to court, and in 1997 the trademark was transferred to Linus Torvalds.",[17,658,659,660,665],{},"I checked on November 5, 2026: according to the ",[32,661,664],{"href":662,"rel":663},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.linuxfoundation.org\u002Flegal\u002Fthe-linux-mark",[36],"Linux Foundation",", Linus is still the worldwide owner of the mark, and the foundation is the exclusive licensee that handles sublicensing. The name he thought was too presumptuous is his, by law.",[17,667,668],{},"Unix is a registered trademark too, held by The Open Group, which runs its own certification. Almost no Linux distribution carries the badge, though there are exceptions, such as Huawei's EulerOS.",[24,670,672],{"id":671},"what-came-after-linux","What came after Linux?",[17,674,675,676,681],{},"Fourteen years after Linux, in April 2005, Linus created another tool and this time picked the name himself: ",[32,677,680],{"href":678,"rel":679},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FGit",[36],"Git",". The story behind that name is the next episode of the series.",[24,683,354],{"id":353},[17,685,686,687,689],{},"Linux has that name because the person who ran the server where it was first published didn't like Freax and created a folder called ",[75,688,584],{},". Linus Torvalds found the name too presumptuous, but it stuck, and the \"x\" tied the system to the Unix family. The name later survived an attempt by an outsider to register it and returned to Linus in 1997. Today he owns the trademark, and the Linux Foundation looks after it.",[17,691,692,693,697],{},"This article is part of the series ",[32,694,696],{"href":363,"rel":695},[36],"The name behind the code"," on the Código ao Ponto channel, in Portuguese.",[24,699,370],{"id":369},[312,701,702,708,715,727,734,739,744,751,758,765,772],{},[315,703,704,386],{},[32,705,707],{"href":508,"rel":706},[36],"History of Unix",[315,709,710,714],{},[32,711,713],{"href":524,"rel":712},[36],"Initial announcement of the GNU project"," (gnu.org, 1983)",[315,716,717,156,722,726],{},[32,718,721],{"href":719,"rel":720},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gnu.org\u002Fgnu\u002Flinux-and-gnu.html",[36],"Linux and the GNU System",[32,723,725],{"href":642,"rel":724},[36],"GNU\u002FLinux FAQ"," (gnu.org)",[315,728,729,386],{},[32,730,733],{"href":731,"rel":732},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FHistory_of_Linux",[36],"History of Linux",[315,735,736,386],{},[32,737,552],{"href":548,"rel":738},[36],[315,740,741,386],{},[32,742,624],{"href":622,"rel":743},[36],[315,745,746,750],{},[32,747,749],{"href":578,"rel":748},[36],"Linux's real birthday"," (Linuxiac), with the Makefile comment",[315,752,753,386],{},[32,754,757],{"href":755,"rel":756},"https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FLinux#Trademark",[36],"Linux, Trademark section",[315,759,760,764],{},[32,761,763],{"href":662,"rel":762},[36],"The Linux Mark"," (Linux Foundation, checked on 11\u002F05\u002F2026)",[315,766,767,771],{},[32,768,770],{"href":609,"rel":769},[36],"Linus-linux.ogg"," (Wikimedia Commons)",[315,773,774,386],{},[32,775,680],{"href":678,"rel":776},[36],[450,778,779],{},"html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}",{"title":92,"searchDepth":454,"depth":454,"links":781},[782,783,784,785,786,787,788,789,790,791],{"id":497,"depth":454,"text":498},{"id":517,"depth":454,"text":518},{"id":541,"depth":454,"text":542},{"id":564,"depth":454,"text":565},{"id":615,"depth":454,"text":616},{"id":635,"depth":454,"text":636},{"id":652,"depth":454,"text":653},{"id":671,"depth":454,"text":672},{"id":353,"depth":454,"text":354},{"id":369,"depth":454,"text":370},[467],"Linus Torvalds wanted to name Linux Freax. Find out why the name changed, what the x has to do with Unix, and how the Linux trademark ended up with him.","why-is-linux-called-linux",{},"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fwhy-is-linux-called-linux","por-que-linux-se-chama-linux",{"title":484,"description":793},{"loc":796,"lastmod":476},"en\u002Fblog\u002Fwhy-is-linux-called-linux",1188,"W0pOKNsa_7nTHxNAG3CidNelW6MWTdgo_JScNKErqqw",1793928191930]